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Humans generally hear sound waves whose frequencies are between 20 and 20,000 Hz. To the human ear, an increase in frequency is perceived as a higher pitched sound, while a decrease in frequency is perceived as a lower pitched sound. The basic components of a sound wave are frequency, wavelength and amplitude.įrequency is the number of pressure waves that pass by a reference point per unit time and is measured in Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second. The compressions and decompressions associated with sound waves are detected as changes in pressure by the structures in our ears and most man-made sound receptors such as a hydrophone, or underwater microphone. Sound waves radiate in all directions away from the source like ripples on the surface of a pond. When underwater objects vibrate, they create sound-pressure waves that alternately compress and decompress the water molecules as the sound wave travels through the sea. Ocean acoustics is the study of sound and its behavior in the sea. NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Click image for larger view.Ĭlick image to hear a scale of various frequencies (576 K, QuickTime). In this example of a sound wave, the period of one cycle of this wave is 0.5 seconds, and the frequency of this wave is 2 cycles per second or 2 Hertz (Hz). Higher numbers are indicative of more complex science reasoning skills.The basic components of a sound wave are frequency, wavelength and amplitude. The code given for the standard includes three letters (IOD or EMI) to indicate the strand and three numbers to indicate the specific standard within that strand. Two of the three strands (Interpretation of Data - IOD and Evaluation of Models, Inferences, and Experimental Results - EMI) of the College Readiness Standards are addressed in this activity. The task consists of 48 questions organized into 14 Question Groups and spread across the three activities. While Sound Intensity and the DeciBel Scale activity addresses the two NextGen Science and Engineering Practices and the two Crosscutting Concepts above, the task draws its greatest inspiration from ACT's College Readiness Standards for Science Reasoning. Scale, Proportion, and Quantity (Crosscutting Concept 3.2)Īlgebraic thinking is used to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs.Mathematical representations are needed to identify some patterns. Use mathematical, computational, and/or algorithmic representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking(Science and Engineering Practice 5.3).Developing and Using Models (Science and Engineering Practice 2.3)ĭevelop, revise, and/or use a model based on evidence to illustrate and/or predict the relationships between systems or between components of a system.Success with Sound Intensity and the DeciBel Scale requires some degree of understanding or proficiency with respect to. Questions target a student's ability to recognize the qualitative and quantitative relationship between variables, to use the relationship to compare various sounds with different intensities or deciBel ratings or at different distances from the same source, and to extrapolate from a table or a graph to predict deciBel ratings or intensities for a given set of conditions. Information is presented in the form of two tables and a graph. TheSound Intensity and the DeciBel Scale describes the relationship between the intensity of a sound at a given distance from the source and the associated deciBel level. You can access this information from this page. However, it may be considerably easier to have a printed copy of this information or to display the information in a separate browser window. This information is accessible by tapping on the small thumbnails found on the bottom right of every question.
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Like all our Science Reasoning Center activities, the completion of the Sound Intensity and the DeciBel Scale activity requires that a student use provided information about a phenomenon, experiment, or data presentation to answer questions. Reasoning Center » Sound Waves » deciBel Scale » About About Sound Intensity and the DeciBel Scale